Pali mitundu itatu ya magalasi athyathyathya padziko lapansi masiku ano: kujambula kwaphwando, njira yoyandama ndi kalendala.Magalasi oyandama, omwe amapitilira 90% ya magalasi onse opanga magalasi pano, ndizomwe zimapangidwira pamagalasi omanga padziko lonse lapansi.Njira yopanga magalasi oyandama idakhazikitsidwa mu 1952, yomwe idakhazikitsa muyezo wapadziko lonse lapansi wopanga magalasi apamwamba kwambiri.Magalasi oyandama ali ndi njira zisanu zazikulu:
● zosakaniza
● kusungunuka
● kupanga ndi kupaka
● kusokoneza
● kudula ndi kulongedza
Zosakaniza
Batching ndiye gawo loyamba, lomwe limakonzekera zopangira kuti zisungunuke.Zopangira zimaphatikizapo mchenga, dolomite, miyala yamchere, phulusa la soda ndi mirabilite, zomwe zimanyamulidwa ndi galimoto kapena sitima.Zopangira izi zimasungidwa mu chipinda cholumikizira.Pali ma silos, hoppers, malamba otumizira, chute, otolera fumbi ndi machitidwe owongolera ofunikira mu chipinda chakuthupi, chomwe chimayang'anira kayendetsedwe kazinthu zopangira ndi kusakanikirana kwa batch.Kuyambira pomwe zopangira zimaperekedwa kuchipinda chakuthupi, zimasuntha nthawi zonse.
Mkati mwa chipinda cholumikizira, lamba wamtali wathyathyathya wonyamulira mosalekeza amasamutsa zinthu zopangira kuchokera ku silos zamitundu yosiyanasiyana kupita kumalo okwera ndowa motsatana, kenako kumawatumiza ku chipangizo choyezera kuti awone kulemera kwake.Zidutswa zamagalasi zobwezerezedwanso kapena zobweza mzere wopangira zidzawonjezedwa kuzinthu izi.Gulu lililonse lili ndi galasi losweka la 10-30%.Zipangizo zowuma zimawonjezeredwa mu chosakaniza ndikusakaniza mu batch.Gulu losakanikirana limatumizidwa kuchokera ku chipinda chophatikizira kupita ku silo yamoto kuti isungidwe kudzera pa lamba wotumizira, kenako ndikuwonjezedwa mu ng'anjo pamlingo woyendetsedwa ndi wodyetsa.
Maonekedwe Odziwika a Galasi
Cullet Yard
Dyetsani Zosakaniza Zosakanizika Muzolowera Mng'anjo Kufikira Madigiri 1650 Ndi Hopper
Kusungunuka
Ng'anjo yodziwika bwino ndi ng'anjo yamoto yopingasa yokhala ndi zowongolera zisanu ndi chimodzi, pafupifupi mamita 25 m'lifupi ndi mamita 62 m'lifupi, ndi mphamvu yopanga tsiku ndi tsiku ya matani 500.Mbali zazikulu za ng'anjoyo ndi dziwe / clarifier, dziwe logwirira ntchito, regenerator ndi ng'anjo yaying'ono.Monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 4, chimapangidwa ndi zipangizo zapadera zokanira ndipo zimakhala ndi zitsulo pazithunzi zakunja.Gululo limatumizidwa ku dziwe losungunuka la ng'anjo ndi wodyetsa, ndipo dziwe losungunuka limatenthedwa mpaka 1650 ℃ ndi mfuti yamafuta achilengedwe.
Galasi losungunuka limayenda kuchokera ku dziwe losungunuka kupita kudera la khosi kupyolera mu chowunikira ndipo limagwedezeka mofanana.Kenako imayenderera mu gawo logwirira ntchito ndikuzizira pang'onopang'ono mpaka pafupifupi madigiri a 1100 kuti ifike ku mamasukidwe olondola asanafike pa kusamba kwa malata.
Kupanga Ndi Kupaka
Njira yopangira galasi lamadzimadzi lomveka bwino mu mbale yagalasi ndi njira yosinthira makina malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha zinthu, ndipo makulidwe achilengedwe a nkhaniyi ndi 6.88 mm.Galasi lamadzimadzi limatuluka mu ng'anjo kupyola mumsewu, ndipo kutuluka kwake kumayendetsedwa ndi chitseko chosinthika chotchedwa nkhosa yamphongo, yomwe ili pafupi ± 0.15 mm mkati mwa galasi lamadzimadzi.Imayandama pa malata osungunuka - motero amatchedwa galasi loyandama.Galasi ndi malata sizigwirizana ndipo zimatha kupatukana;Kusagwirizana kwawo mu mawonekedwe a maselo kumapangitsa galasi kukhala losalala.
Kusamba ndi gawo losindikizidwa mu mpweya wa nitrogen ndi hydrogen.Zimaphatikizapo kuthandiza zitsulo, pamwamba ndi pansi zipolopolo, refractories, malata ndi Kutentha zinthu, kuchepetsa mlengalenga, masensa kutentha, dongosolo kompyuta dongosolo kulamulira, za 8 mamita m'lifupi ndi 60 mamita yaitali, ndi kupanga mzere liwiro akhoza kufika 25 mamita / mphindi.Bafa la malata lili ndi pafupifupi matani 200 a malata oyera, omwe kutentha kwake kumakhala 800 ℃.Galasiyo ikapanga kagawo kakang'ono kumapeto kwa malo osambira a malata, imatchedwa mbale yagalasi, ndipo zokoka zingapo zosinthika zimagwira ntchito mbali zonse ziwiri.Wogwiritsa ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu yowongolera kuti akhazikitse liwiro la ng'anjo yamoto ndi makina ojambulira m'mphepete.Makulidwe a mbale yamagalasi amatha kukhala pakati pa 0,55 ndi 25 mm.Mbali yapamwamba yotentha yotentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera kutentha kwa galasi.Pamene mbale yagalasi imayenda mosalekeza mu bafa ya malata, kutentha kwa mbale ya galasi kumatsika pang'onopang'ono, kupangitsa galasi kukhala lathyathyathya ndi lofanana.Panthawiyi, acuracoat ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ® Pazitsulo zopangira filimu yowonetsera, filimu yotsika, filimu yowonetsera dzuwa, filimu ya photovoltaic ndi filimu yodziyeretsa pazida za pyrolysis CVD.Panthawiyi, galasi ndi lokonzeka kuziziritsa.
Bath Cross Section
Galasiyo Imayalidwa Mugawo Wopyapyala Pamalata Wosungunula, Osiyanitsidwa ndi malata, Ndipo Apanga Mbale.
Kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kumapereka kutentha, ndipo m'lifupi ndi makulidwe a galasi amayendetsedwa ndi liwiro ndi ngodya ya chokoka m'mphepete.
Annealing
Galasi lopangidwa likachoka mu bafa la malata, kutentha kwa galasilo ndi 600 ℃.Ngati galasi lagalasi litakhazikika mumlengalenga, pamwamba pa galasilo lidzazizira mofulumira kusiyana ndi mkati mwa galasi, zomwe zingayambitse kuponderezedwa kwakukulu kwa pamwamba ndi kupsinjika kwa mkati mwa galasi.
Gawo la Annealing Kiln
Kutentha kwa galasi isanayambe kapena itatha kuumba ndi njira yopangira kupanikizika kwamkati.Choncho, m'pofunika kulamulira kutentha kuti pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsa kutentha kwa galasi ku kutentha kozungulira, ndiko kuti, annealing.M'malo mwake, kuyatsa kumachitika mu uvuni wowotchera womwe udakhazikitsidwa kale (onani Chithunzi 7) pafupifupi mamita 6 m'lifupi ndi 120 m'litali.Mng'anjo yowotcherayo imaphatikizapo zinthu zotenthetsera zoyendetsedwa ndi magetsi ndi mafani kuti kutentha kwa mbale zamagalasi kusakhazikika.
Chotsatira cha ndondomeko ya annealing ndikuti galasi imakhazikika bwino mpaka kutentha kwa chipinda popanda kupsinjika kwakanthawi kapena kupsinjika.
Kudula Ndi Kupaka
Magalasi a magalasi oziziritsidwa ndi ng'anjo yowotchera amatengedwa kupita kumalo odulira kudzera pa tebulo lodzigudubuza lomwe limalumikizidwa ndi makina oyendetsera motowo.Galasiyo imadutsa makina oyendera pa intaneti kuti athetse vuto lililonse, ndipo amadulidwa ndi gudumu la diamondi kuti achotse m'mphepete mwa galasi (zinthu zam'mphepete zimasinthidwanso ngati galasi losweka).Kenako kudula mu kukula chofunika ndi kasitomala.Magalasi amawaza ndi sing'anga ya ufa, kuti mbale zagalasi zitha kupakidwa ndikusungidwa kuti zisagwirizane kapena kukanda.Kenako, mbale zagalasi zopanda cholakwika zimagawidwa m'mapaketi oti azinyamula ndi makina amanja kapena odziwikiratu, ndikusamutsidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo zinthu kuti zisungidwe kapena kutumizidwa kwa makasitomala.
Glass Plate Ikachoka mu Mng'anjo ya Annealing, Plate ya Galasi Imapangidwa Mokwanira Ndikusunthira Kumalo Oziziritsa Kuti Ipitilize Kuchepetsa Kutentha.